In this Section, only ROs of foreign businesses, which fall within the jurisdiction of the city/province-level Departments of Industry and Trade ("DOIT") are focused (ROs of foreign banks, auditing, law firms, tourism organizations, fall within the power of the State Bank of Vietnam ("SBV"), the Ministry of Finance, and the Ministry of Justice ("MOJ"), respectively). It is noted that a foreign business shall be entitled to set up one or several ROs, each in a different city or province in Vietnam.

6.1 Legislation
The Trade Law dated 14 June 2006 constitutes the legal ground for representative offices and branches of foreign businesses in Vietnam, which is further specified by Decree No.72/2006/ND-CP, on representative offices and branches of foreign businesses in Vietnam, issued by the Government on 25 July 2006, in replacement of Decree No.45/2000/ND-CP.
Implementing the Decree is Circular No.11/2006/TT-BTM, dated 28 September 2006, of the Ministry of Industry and Trade.

6.2 Requirements
Under Article 4 of Decree 72, a foreign business entity duly established and operating for at least one year under the country's laws of its head office may apply to establish a resident representative office in Vietnam. The foreign company is entitled to establish representative offices in any province in Vietnam. The number of representative offices in Vietnam of foreign companies is unlimited.

6.3 Applications
To establish a representative office in Vietnam, a foreign company must apply for a license issued by the Provincial Trade Department and complete post-licensing procedures, including notice of operations and obtaining a seal. Application files for the representative office must be submitted to the Provincial Trade Department.
To obtain a seal, the chief representative of the representative office or its staff may be required to personally lodge the applications due to security reasons.

The following documents must be submitted to the licensing authority for obtaining the License:

(i) Application (standard form);
(ii) A certified/legalized copy of the Certificate of Incorporation and any amendments of the parent company;
(iii) A certified/legalized copy of the Memorandum and Articles of Association of the parent company (if any);
(iv) A certified/legalized copy of the audit report of the parent company for its latest financial year issued by an auditing company;
(v) A notarized copy of the Office Lease Contract; and
(vi) A notarized copy of the Chief Representative’s passport.

6.4 Licensing Timing
A RO license will be granted within 15 days from the receipt of the satisfactory file. The applicant is required to pay the license fee of VND1 million for a license. The license fee would be paid upon the approval of the application file.
Within 45 days from the date of issuance of the licence, the RO shall have to publish on three consecutive issues of a printed or online newspaper licensed in Vietnam the following contents:

(i) Name and registered address of the Representative Office;
(ii) Name and registered address of parent company;
(iii) Name of Chief Representative;
(iv) Serial number, date of issue and valid term of the license and licensing authority; and
(v) Scope of activities of the Representative Office.

Besides, the Representative Office must officially commence to the Provincial Trade Department its operation and provide written notice about the commencement of operation at the registered office.

6.5 Permitted Activities
According to Decree 72, a RO will be entitled to do the functions as stipulated in the granted license. Operational functions of a RO are limited to:

(i) Business promotion;
(ii) Identification, accelerating the trade opportunities in Vietnam;
(iii) Supervising the implementation of contracts signed between its parent/ represented company (ies) and local partners.

A RO shall have the following rights and obligations:

(i) RO shall be entitled to do the functions as stipulated in the granted license;
(ii) The Head of the RO shall have the right to sign good purchase contracts, and service supply contracts with other foreign and local businesses;
(iii) RO's staff shall be subject to relevant tax obligations by the laws of Vietnam;
(iv) RO shall have to report PCs, once a year, the RO's operations.

6.6 Term of Licence
The license of a representative office has a term of five years. If the parent company’s business licence or establishment certificate expires, the licence of the representative office will also expire. In other words, the term of the representative office cannot exceed any term of existence of its parent company. The license of a representative office may be extended if its parent satisfies all the following conditions:

(i) It has a requirement to continue operating in Vietnam in the form of a representative office;
(ii) The foreign business entity is legally operating under the law of the country in which it was established; and
(iii) The foreign business entity has not committed a serious breach of the laws of Vietnam regarding the operations of its representative office. The procedures for extension of the license must be carried out at least thirty days before the expiry of the license.　
6.7 Taxation
No taxes are applicable to ROs' operation, except for personal income tax charged to their staff which will be further described in Section 16 hereunder.